无创血管内皮舒张功能与冠心病的关联性

目的 :探讨无创血管内皮舒张功能与冠心病的关联性。方法 :经冠状动脉造影证实的冠心病患者 3 0例 ,分为冠心病 组 17例 ,冠心病 组 13例。对照组 2 0例 ,为健康查体者。肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能测定用无创高分辨超声法。结果 :13组基础血管内径无差异。 2反应性充血后肱动脉内径变化百分数 ,冠心病 组 （ 11± 4 ） %、冠心病 组 （ 6± 2 ） % ,对照组 （ 16± 5 ） % ,3组间差异显著 （ vs P<0 .0 1; , vs对照组均 P<0 .0 1）。 3含化硝酸甘油后肱动脉内径变化百分数 ,冠心病 组 （ 17± 5 ） %、冠心病 组 （ 14± 3 ） % ,对照组 （ 2 5± 7） % , 组 , 组与对照组比较差异显著 （均 P<0 .0 1） ; 组与 组间无显著差异。结论 :用高分辨超声测定的肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能与冠心病患者冠状动脉粥样硬化程度有关联     

前列痛栓治疗前列腺痛的药效学研究

目的：探讨和验证前列痛栓治疗前列腺痛的药效。方法：采用小鼠肛门给药，以空白，消炎痛栓为对照组。测定前列痛栓对小鼠扭体次数，网状内皮系统吞噬指数，耳廓肿胀，肉芽增生及大鼠小肠肌电的影响。结果：前列痛栓能明显减少小鼠扭体次数，优于消炎痛栓；对网状内皮系统吞噬功能，二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀和滤纸片埋入形成的肉芽增生及大鼠小肠肌电的影响。与消炎痛栓相近。结论：前列痛栓治疗前列腺痛有显著的镇痛作用。     

煤矿综采工作面空气中煤尘浓度分布规律

本文报告了某无烟煤矿综采工作面空气中煤尘浓度分布规律,由进风端至回风端,煤尘浓度几何均数呈上升趋势;在采煤机司机操作处煤尘浓度急剧上升,可达478.96mg/m~3,到采煤机下风向20m 处达最高峰963.11mg/m~3。作者认为该规律可为制订有效的防尘、降尘措施以及进而研究综采工接尘水平与煤肺发生发展的关系提供依据。     

Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of blood Candida isolates at a tertiary hospital in southern Taiwan, 1999–2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of candidaemia, consumption of fluconazole and susceptibility of blood Candida isolates at a tertiary hospital. From January 1999 to September 2006, all candidaemic episodes were identified and available strains were evaluated for the susceptibilities of antifungal agents. Annual defined daily doses of antifungal agents were collected. There had been 909 Candida isolates detected from the bloodstream of 843 patients during the study period. Among them, 740 isolates were available for the susceptibilities of antifungal agents. The incidence density of candidaemia was 28 episodes per 10 000 patient‐days. Species distribution of 909 isolates did not vary annually, but varied greatly in the units of the hospital. Candida parapsilosis was the more prominent (30.1%) isolate in the paediatric units, where C. tropicalis and C. glabrata were less common (12.3% and 1.4% respectively). Resistance rates for itraconazole, fluconazole and voriconazole were 6.9%, 3.8% and 3.8% respectively. There were 25 (3.4%) isolates resistant to amphotericin‐B. Although fluconazole usage increased over time (r² = 0.45; P = 0.07), fluconazole resistance did not increase accordingly (P = 0.33). In our institution in which the incidence of candidaemia was high, fluconazole resistance among blood Candida isolates remained rare.     

Architecture of the Blood‐Spleen Barrier in the Soft‐Shelled Turtle,Pelodiseus Sinensis

We investigated the structure of the soft‐shelled turtle, Pelodiseus sinensi, spleen and demonstrated that there were several microanatomical peculiarities by light and transmission electron microscopy. In the spleen, the white pulp of the spleen was composed of two compartments, the periarteriolar lymphatic sheath (PALS) and periellipsoidal lymphatic sheath (PELS). No lymph nodules and marginal zones were found. The spleen‐blood barrier stood in the PELS and the ellipsoid. The high endothelial lining of penicilliform capillary contained small channels. These channels allowed circulating substances or lymphocytes to enter the ellipsoid. The distal portion of the penicilliform capillaries directly opened to pulp cords. The ellipsoid‐associated cell (EAC) was located at the surface of the ellipsoid. Reticular fibers were mainly distributed in ellipsoid and the outer PELS. Both reticular cells and macrophages were distributed in the outer layers of PELS. S‐100 protein positive dendritic cells were mainly distributed in out cells layer of the PELS and all over the PALS. Forty minutes after injection, carbon particles of Indian ink were mainly observed in the ellipsoid. Few carbon particles were observed in the outer PELS and fewer carbon particles in the red pulp. These findings suggested that a blood‐spleen barrier indeed existed in the soft‐turtle, P. sinensi, and it was a complex composed of an ellipsoid (including supporting cells, EAC, and reticular fibers) and the outer compartments of PELS (including dendritic cells, reticular fibers and cells, macrophages). Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Effect of corticosterone on developing hippocampus: Short‐term and long‐term outcomes

Many documents implicate that corticosterone plays a negative role in brain function, especially in learning and memory. However, less evidence confirms its direct actions on hippocampal development. In the work reported here, pro treatment, minimum corticosterone administration in infant mice, and con treatment, corticosterone deprivation by adrenalectomy, were used to examine the effects imposed by corticosterone on the structure and function of developing hippocampus. Our study shows that adrenalectomy induces decrease of plasma corticosterone levels and results in the impairment of learning performance and the degenerative changes not in CA regions of hippocampus but in dentate gyrus. Noteworthily, this damage effect is severer in 5‐week‐old mice than that in 10‐week‐old mice. In addition, the short‐term effect of minimum corticosterone administration may accelerate the development of dentate gyrus of 10‐day‐old mice. Moreover, minimum corticosterone administration during infancy contributed to the learning performance and the structural integrity of hippocampal CA regions in different developing stages, while this phenomenon was not observed in dentate gyrus. In conclusion, corticosterone is necessary for the development of dentate gyrus, especially in relatively young individuals, and administration with minimum corticosterone in infancy has a long‐term positive influence on the hippocampal structure and function in different developing stages. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

喷他佐辛超前镇痛在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的观察喷他佐辛对腹腔镜胆切除术（Lc）是否具有超前镇痛作用。方法将60例择期LC患者（ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级）随机分为研究组和对照组。观察24h内恶心、呕吐、瘙痒等不良应的发生率。研究组在全麻诱导前静脉缓慢推注喷他佐辛0．5mg／kg。对照组给予生理盐水推注。记录自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间及术后1、2．4、8、12、24h的疼痛程度并进行评价。结果两组呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;研究组疼痛程度明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）;术后患者的并发症的发生情况差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论术前应用喷他佐辛0．5mg／kg能有效减轻腹腔镜胆囊切除术的术后疼痛,起到超前镇痛作用,是一种理想的长效中枢性镇痛方法。     

Berberine attenuates adverse left ventricular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction in rats: Role of autophagy

The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that berberine, a plant‐derived anti‐oxidant, attenuates adverse left ventricular remodelling and improves cardiac function in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). Furthermore, the potential mechanisms that mediated the cardioprotective actions of berberine, in particular the effect on autophagy, were also investigated. Acute MI was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery of Sprague‐Dawley rats. Cardiac function was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. The protein activity/levels of autophagy related to signalling pathways (e.g. LC‐3B, Beclin‐1) were measured in myocardial tissue by immunohistochemical staining and western blot. Four weeks after MI, berberine significantly prevented cardiac dysfunction and adverse cardiac remodelling. MI rats treated with low dose berberine (10 mg/kg per day) showed higher left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening than those treated with high‐dose berberine (50 mg/kg per day). Both doses reduced interstitial fibrosis and post‐MI adverse cardiac remodelling. The cardioprotective action of berberine was associated with increased LC‐3B II and Beclin‐1 expressions. Furthermore, cardioprotection with berberine was potentially related to p38 MAPK inhibition and phospho‐Akt activation. The present in vivo study showed that berberine is effective in promoting autophagy, and subsequently attenuating left ventricular remodelling and cardiac dysfunction after MI. The potential underlying mechanism is augmentation of autophagy through inhibition of p38 MAPK and activation of phospho‐Akt signalling pathways.     

Recurrent pre‐existing and acquired DNA copy number alterations,including focal TERT gains,in neuroblastoma central nervous system metastases

Stage 4 neuroblastomas have a high rate of local and metastatic relapse and associated disease mortality. The central nervous system (CNS) is currently one of the most common isolated relapse sites, yet the genomic alterations that contribute to these metastases are unknown. This study sought to identify recurrent DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) and target genes relating to neuroblastoma CNS metastases by studying 19 pre‐CNS primary tumors and 27 CNS metastases, including 12 matched pairs. SNP microarray analyses revealed that MYCN amplified (MYCNA) tumors had recurrent CNAs different from non‐MYCNA cohorts. Several CNAs known to be prevalent among primary neuroblastomas occurred more frequently in CNS metastases, including 4p?, 7q+, 12q+, and 19q? in non‐MYCNA metastases, and 9p? and 14q? irrespective of MYCNA status. In addition, novel CNS metastases‐related CNAs included 18q22.1 gains in non‐MYCNA pre‐CNS primaries and 5p15.33 gains and 15q26.1→tel losses in non‐MYCNA CNS metastases. Based on minimal common regions, gene expression, and biological properties, TERT (5p), NR2F2 (15q), ALDH1A3 (15q), CDKN2A (9p), and possibly CDH7 and CDH19 (18q) were candidate genes associated with the CNS metastatic process. Notably, the 5p15 minimal common region contained only TERT, and non‐MYCNA CNS metastases with focal 5p15 gains had increased TERT expression, similar to MYCNA tumors. These findings suggest that a specific genomic lesion (18q22.1 gain) predisposes to CNS metastases and that distinct lesions are recurrently acquired during metastatic progression. Among the acquired lesions, increased TERT copy number and expression appears likely to function in lieu of MYCNA to promote CNS metastasis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.